Indicators of health risks from surface water and groundwater. Indicators of health risks from surface water and groundwater contamination in urban centers of. The aim is to recommend new management strategies that can ensure sustainable groundwater resource management in the region. Evaluation and protection strategies a thesis submitted to the university of manchester for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the faculty of engineering and physical sciences 2012 ahmed fate ali school of mechanical, aerospace and civil engineering. Groundwater pollution threats of solid waste disposal in urban kano, nigeria. The groundwater of forty wells in agbowo community was assessed for total aerobic bacteria. Thus, having reliably clean groundwater is of concern for many throughout the world.
Chronicle of water supply in nigeria groundwater development in nigeria began as far back. Groundwater pollution would result from the same toxic overburden. The physicochemical quality of groundwater in relation to surface water pollution in majidun area of ikorodu, lagos state, nigeria. Groundwater vulnerability assessment and validation for a. Burial practice and its effect on groundwater pollution in.
Concern over groundwater pollution in lagosopinion the. Groundwater contamination in ibadan, southwest nigeria. The objective of the study therefore was to assess the effect of landfill pollution on groundwater quality in akure, nigeria. The cities of calabar and port harcourt are totally dependent on. Assessment of groundwater pollution using geophysical norms. Groundwater pollution in africa 1st edition yongxin xu. Ogundele1 1department of minerals and petroleum resources engineering, auchi polytechnic, auchi, nigeria 2department of geology, university of benin, benin city, nigeria email. Nigeria is currently divided into 36 states with abuja as the federal capital. Jun 14, 2019 cemeteries in nigeria have never been perceived as having a significant potential contamination to the environment and are often located within residential setups. Geology of study area the city of lagos lies in southwestern nigeria, on the atlantic coast in the gulf of guinea, within latitudes 6 0 23. In nigeria, inadequate supply of pipe borne water is a major concern.
Environmental impact on surface and ground water pollution. This study xrayed the geochemical characteristics of groundwater quality of the growing city of yenagoa, the bayelsa state capital. Ground water pollution from mining activities in ikpeshi, edo state, nigeria g. A study was carried out to determine groundwater contamination levels on waste disposal sites of ibadan city center in nigeria. Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrate pollution in. A total of one hundred and twenty groundwater samples were collected from hand dug wells which tap into shallow. These decisions are basically supported by drastic ddepth to water, rrecharge, aaquifer media, ssoil media, ttopography, iimpact of vadose zone, chydraulic conductivity analysis. Pollution vulnerability and health risk assessment of groundwater around an engineering landfill in lagos, nigeria abdulrafiu o. Water samples were collected from fifteen 15 boreholes. Accepted manuscript open access domestic groundwater. However, groundwater is exposed to active pollution in major cities and rural. Integration of gis and geoelectric surveying for the.
Examining groundwater pollution in central katsina city, nigeria. There is an excessive quantity of water stored in nigerias underground aquifers sited in several hydrological districts adjacent to major rivers. Public health effects due to insufficient groundwater. Department of geology, niger delta university, nigeria. Using a mixedmethods methodology, the paper explores domestic practices of groundwater abstraction in lagos, nigeria. Petroleum hydrocarbons contamination of the environment associated with exploration, development and production operations is a common feature in oil producing nations around the world, especially in a developing country like nigeria where the incidence of facilities sabotage, operational failures, accidental discharges, pipeline vandalization and leakages, bunkering and artisanal refining is. Quality assessment of groundwater in yenagoa, niger delta. Harter 2008 defined groundwater pollution from the human dimension as undesirable change in the groundwater quality resulting from human activities. A total of one hundred and twenty groundwater samples were collected from hand dug wells which tap into shallow aquifers. Groundwater contamination in nigeria is of great concern as most aquifers are used for domestic water supply purposes and in some cases, marketed as sachet or bottled water. Abstract this study x rayed the geochemical characteristics of groundwater quality of the growing city of yenagoa, the bayelsa state capital. Groundwater availability groundwater constitutes an important source of water for domestic supply and agriculture in nigeria. Principles and problems of environmental pollution of.
Environmental protection agency 2012 drinkingwater advi soryconsumer. The current research examined the level of groundwater contamination near a municipal landfill site in alimosho local government area of lagos state, nigeria. The presence of geogenic contaminants arsenic and fluoride, and the level of awareness of their presence in groundwater in ibadan, nigeria was examined in this study. Lagos is the worlds sixth largest city, the most populous city in africa and the most populous city innigeria. Quality assessment of groundwater in yenagoa, niger delta, nigeria. The climate is tropical continental type, classified according to kopens climate classification as aw, with long dry season and short wet season 6. Impact of dumpsites on the quality of soil and groundwater. Major aquifers in the coastal zone of western nigeria have thicknesses ranging between 100 and 250 m with mean groundwater storage of 2. Countries off the track of achieving mdg 7c shade source. Henry olawale sawyerr, adedotun timothy adeolu, abiodun segun afolabi, oluwatoyosi olalekan salami, and biola kazeem badmos 2017 impact of dumpsites on the quality of soil and groundwater in satellite towns of the federal capital territory, abuja, nigeria. Jimoh rafiu atanda1, omogunloye olusola, gabriel2 1 department of water science and engineering, unescoihe, institute for water education, p.
This is based on the analyses of groundwater samples from over 2,200 wells 19852004 and 350. Examining groundwater pollution in central katsina city. Ojuri4 1department of chemistry, lagos state university, p. Preventing groundwater pollution from landfilled wasteis engineered containment an acceptable solutionin groundwater quality edited by h. Saline intrusions into coastal groundwater via aquifer penetration have become a major concern 1 because it is the commonest source of pollution to groundwater. Others include seepages from underground storage tanks, oil wells, sep. Studies have shown that nigeria urban groundwater quality is influenced by the geology and geochemistry of the environment, rate of urbanization, industrialization, landfilldumpsite leachates, heavy metals, bacteriological pollution, and effect of seasons. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in southern africa. Leachate and groundwater quality in lagos state, nigeria. B c egboka, g i nwankwor, i p orajaka, and a o ejiofor department of geological sciences, anambra state university of technology, awka, nigeria. Waterscapes of nigerias niger delta victor ogbonnaya okorie abstract. Risks of groundwater pollution in the coastal areas of. The sokoto basin in the northwest is part of the vast iullemenden basin of mali, niger and algeria.
Using the case of groundwater pollution in nigerias niger delta, this paper examines the shifting contours of primitive accumulation in the region. Groundwater in nigeria is widely used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supplies. The average level of nitrate in groundwater in nigeria has increased in the last 2030 years. The population factor directly impacts on demand for water, thus making it a major consideration for water planners. Based on two years of ethnographic research, the paper unravels the losses experienced by individuals and their dependents. Groundwater quality in cameroon and its vulnerability to pollution 47. The extent of saltwater intrusions into groundwater is dependent on several natural and anthropogenic factors. Adekunle im, adetunji mt, gbadebo am, banjoko ob 2007 assess. Nigeria like many areas in southwestern nigeria it is a community of indigenous rural people and students of a nonresidential olabisi onabanjo university, which lacks municipal water supply. But, groundwater can become contaminated with chemicals, biologic organisms, and other possiblyharmful agents. Groundwater condition and management in kano region. Assessment of groundwater pollution using geophysical norms and gis as a tool, a case study of part of ikeja, lagos state, nigeria, west africa the study area is located within the western part of nigeria, a zone of coastal creek and lagoon elueze, et al, 2004.
Environmental impact of leachate pollution on groundwater. The data required for assessing ground water pollution potential i. There is mounting apprehension that the water sources. This has been managed with the weight of such bodies as unicef established in nigeria in 1952 and wateraid which began work in nigeria in 1995 to assist with the vast water and sanitation needs found and has since. Introduction groundwater is a major source of water supply for domestic, agricultural, recreational, and industrial purposes in lagos, a fast emerging mega city in africa. Groundwater contamination in ibadan, southwest nigeria ncbi.
Principles and problems of environmental pollution of groundwater resources with case examples from developing countries. Nigeria might have a population of 320 million people by 2060. Pollution vulnerability and health risk assessment of. The joint monitoring programme for water supply and sanitation estimate that in 2018 60% of the total population were dependent on groundwater point sources for their main drinking water source. Pdf nitrate pollution of groundwater in nigeria segun. A total of eighteen groundwater exploitation borehole logs together with hydrogeological and geotechnical data were used for the study. Main sources of urban groundwater pollution in south africa with some of their. Nigeria and have a processing capacity of 175,000 tons per day of crushed ore. Integration of gis and geoelectric surveying for the assessment of groundwater pollution, a case study of part of ikeja, lagos state, west africa, nigeria. Examining groundwater pollution in central katsina city, nigeria 26 fig. One of the major sources of pollution of groundwater is by saltwater intrusions. The physicochemical quality of groundwater in relation to.
Assessment of spatial relationship between groundwater. The climate is tropical continental type, classified according to kopens climate classification as. Pdf groundwater is the main source of water for domestic use in nigeria because it is perceived to be clean. As with surface water pollution, there is a large natural variability in the generation and fate of groundwater nps pollution.
Surface water and groundwater contamination, air pollution, solid waste dumps and general environmental degradation, including the loss of land and aquatic. Groundwater pollution threats of solid waste disposal in. Sandyarami 2009 defines groundwater pollution as the change in the properties of groundwater due to contamination by microbes, chemicals, hazardous substance and other foreign particles. Geophysical evaluation of groundwater potential in part of. Groundwater quality in cameroon and its vulnerability to pollution.
Impact of dumpsites on the quality of soil and groundwater in. Groundwater in major cities of nigeria is exposed to active pollution arising from urbanization. Groundwater is crutial to millions of americans as well as many more worldwide. The vast water resources in nigeria can be categorized into fresh surface water includ es. Groundwater contamination and their flow characteristics in ibadan was studied by ajibade et. Principles and problems of environmental pollution of groundwater. The surface water resources potential of the country is estimated at 267. Also, it has been reported by several drilling companies in the coastal city of lagos that the groundwater from the confined aquifer in the study area is corrosive and it is associated with the severe environmental pollution resulting from marine transgression into the fresh aquifer system in.
Groundwater contamination in agbowo community, ibadan. Assessment of groundwater quality and saline intrusions in. Pdf vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in. Vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in the. This work presents a study of special interest, because up till now, there are no known publications in the northeastern states of nigeria that investigated the relationship between cemeteries and the natural environment. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in southern africa 15 g. Pdf groundwater contamination at waste disposal sites at. Safeguarding groundwater from pollution is largely a global political decision. This paper provides a broad overview of issues on groundwater condition and management in the kano region of northwestern nigeria. These values indicated that ground water in the area in slightly acidic, this could be attributed to the abundance of organic matters in the overlying soil and the presence of shale intercalations in the aquiferous coastal plain sands and also due to acid rain caused by prevalent gas flaring in the niger delta. Characterization of diffuse pollution of shallow groundwater in the harare urban area, zimbabwe. Environmental protection agency 2012 drinkingwater advi sory consumer.
Groundwater in major cities of nigeria is exposed to active pollution arising from urbanization and indiscriminate waste disposal, since these cities are. Groundwater quality was monitored in 10 wells in the proximity of solid and liquid waste disposal systems in damaturu, nigeria. However, groundwater is exposed to active pollution in major cities and rural communities of nigeria due to increased urbanization, indiscriminate waste disposals, intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. This is based on the analyses of groundwater samples from over 2,200 wells 19852004 and 350 samples pre1970. Nigeria, boarded in the south by the atlantic ocean, in the north and east by ogun state and in the west by republic of benin. There are reports of metals contamination of groundwater from mining. Geochemical and quality assessment of groundwater in some. Assessment of groundwater pollution using geophysical. Furthermore, water quality index wqi is an effective tool for groundwater quality evaluation and management. Pdf groundwater contamination in ibadan, southwest nigeria. As the trace metal content of river water is normally controlled by the abundance of.
Petroleum hydrocarbons contamination of surface water and. Cemeteries in nigeria have never been perceived as having a significant potential contamination to the environment and are often located within residential setups. Thorough examination of the chemical characteristics of groundwater in residents around these so called landfills is thus paramount. The project addressed the issue of aquifer vulnerability and the protection of groundwater quality. The presence of geogenic contaminants arsenic and fluoride, and the level of awareness of their presence in groundwater in ibadan, nigeria. In this study, nitrate, ph, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, hardness, colour, iron, chloride. Analysis were carried out on physicochemical parameters ph, salinity, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, calcium. The sedimentary basins generally form the best aquifers. Groundwater is the main source of water for domestic use in nigeria because it is perceived to be clean. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill. The deleterious impacts of dumpsite activities and the associated risk on both the environment and human is consequential, hence this study assessed groundwater vulnerability to pollution from dumpsite using a modified drastic model. To what extent this pollution has affected the water wells in the area is unknown and hence needed to be determined.
Vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in the vicinity of an active dumpsite olusosun, lagos, nigeria. The inhabitants rely mainly on low yield, pollution prone shallow wells many of which dries up during dry season. The eighteen available borehole logs were categorized into seven areas spanning the shoreline to inland boundary oflagosstate. The catchment area contains mineralized rocks which contain solid minerals, and usually have elevated metal level.
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